Index

ADR and UDR

Automotive Dead Reckoning and Untethered Dead Reckoning. Positioning systems that improve location accuracy in urban areas by combining GNSS data with vehicle movement data. ADR uses vehicle data while UDR uses an additional module to detect acceleration and directional changes.

API

Application Programming Interface. A programming interface provided by software systems to enable interaction and communication between different applications.

API calls

Commands or requests sent to an API to provide a service or information. Examples include requesting vehicle status or sending door unlock commands.

BLE

Bluetooth Low Energy. A variant of Bluetooth optimized for low power consumption and peripheral device connections.

Bulk action (Bulk Job)

Operations performed on multiple vehicles simultaneously, such as firmware updates or configuration changes. Enables efficient management of large vehicle fleets.

CAN

Controller Area Network. A vehicle bus standard enabling communication between microcontrollers and ECUs within a vehicle. Provides reliable, message-based communication without a host computer.

CAN bus

The physical network infrastructure carrying CAN messages throughout a vehicle. Features built-in priority handling and error detection for reliable communication between ECUs.

Car sharing

Vehicle rental service enabling short-term access to shared vehicles, typically through mobile apps and automated vehicle access systems. Users can rent vehicles by the minute or hour without the need for in-person key handovers.

Car sharing provider

Organization that operates a car sharing fleet, managing vehicle availability, maintenance, and customer access. Responsible for vehicle distribution, pricing, and overall service delivery through telematics systems.

CDF

Can Description File. Contains vehicle-specific CAN bus data structures and protocols. Each vehicle model requires its own CDF for proper data interpretation.

CloudBoxx (CB)

The CloudBoxx is a standalone telematics device installed in vehicles. Acts as a central communication unit to collect and transmit vehicle data, enabling remote monitoring and control through fleet management systems.

Command

An API call triggering a vehicle interaction, such as door control, engine start, or status check.

Connected vehicle

A vehicle equipped with an integrated telematics unit, capable of transmitting data and receiving remote commands.

Credentials

Authentication data (tokens, passwords, certificates) provided by OEMs or device manufacturers for secure vehicle communication.

Damage detection

AI-based system for real-time vehicle damage monitoring. Uses machine learning algorithms combined with CloudBoxx sensors to identify and classify vehicle damage ranging from minor scratches to major collisions, including hidden underbody damage. Provides automated damage notifications, incident timestamps, and severity assessment for fleet maintenance and insurance claims.

Driving analysis

System that monitors and analyzes vehicle usage patterns and driver behavior using telematics data. Tracks events like hard braking, rapid acceleration, fast cornering, and speeding by combining GNSS data with speed limits and vehicle sensors. Provides trip-based reporting for fleet optimization, driver feedback, and incident investigation.

ECU/ECM

Electronic Control Unit or Module. Computer system managing vehicle electrical systems like engine, transmission, or brakes.

Event

Data packet generated by vehicle status changes (e.g., ignition, locks). Contains device state at time of creation.

Firmware

Software embedded in hardware devices that provides low-level control and basic operational instructions. Contains essential code for device functionality and can be updated OTA to add features, improve performance, or fix security vulnerabilities.

Fleet

Collection of managed devices and vehicles within a fleet management system, including connected vehicles and associated equipment.

FleetControl

A centralized platform for fleet management across different telematics solutions and vehicle types. Enables remote vehicle monitoring, troubleshooting, maintenance management, and system updates through a single interface.

Fleet Hawk

Real-time vehicle security monitoring system that detects and classifies unauthorized vehicle access, tampering, and towing incidents. Integrates with CloudBoxx to provide instant alerts, location tracking, and incident data for rapid response to theft attempts. Enables automated security workflows through API integration.

Fleet unit

Individual vehicle or telematics unit with unique ID, managed within a fleet system.

Free-floating

Car sharing model where vehicles can be picked up and returned anywhere within a defined service area. Enables one-way trips and flexible vehicle drop-off locations, typically managed through GPS tracking and mobile apps.

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System. A technology that determines position, navigation, and timing using satellite signals. Encompasses major satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou) to calculate position, altitude, and speed. Often combined with ADR/UDR for improved accuracy in challenging environments.

GPS

Global Positioning System. American satellite navigation system operated by the U.S. Space Force. Part of the GNSS family, providing global location and timing data through a constellation of satellites. Most widely used satellite navigation system worldwide.

GSM

Global System for Mobile. Mobile radio standard for data transmission and messaging, commonly used in IoT applications.

HDOP

Horizontal Dilution Of Precision. Measures accuracy impact of satellite geometry on GPS/GNSS positioning. Lower values indicate better precision.

Health

Operational status of a telematics unit measured through three indicators:

• Events: Data packets from vehicle status changes
• Heartbeats: Periodic connectivity checks (15-minute intervals)
• Signal strength: Cellular connection quality

Calculated periodically to monitor device connectivity and usage status.

Heartbeat

Periodic signal (15-minute intervals) containing device connectivity information and signal strength. Serves as connection health indicator.

HMAC

Hash-based Message Authentication Code. Cryptographic authentication method ensuring secure server-client communication.

HTTPS/SSL

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure and Secure Sockets Layer. Protocols providing encrypted data transmission between systems. SSL/TLS provides the security layer for HTTPS communications.

Immobilizer

Electronic security device that prevents the engine from starting without the correct key or token present. Consists of a transponder in the key and a receiver in the vehicle. Modern vehicles use encrypted communication between key and vehicle to prevent unauthorized starts and theft.

IoT

Internet of Things. Network of physical objects with embedded technology for data exchange over the internet.

JSON

JavaScript Object Notation. Lightweight, human-readable data format for server-client communication.

Key fob (Keyfob)

Wireless device with RFID tag for vehicle access control and authorization.

KPI

Key Performance Indicator. Metrics measuring operational performance like vehicle utilization or driver behavior.

LTE

Long Term Evolution. Advanced mobile communication standard providing faster data transmission than GSM.

LTE-M

Low power wide area network technology for IoT applications, optimized for periodic small data transmissions.

MCR

Multi Card Reader. Device for reading various vehicle access control cards and tags.

Modem

Hardware component enabling cellular network connectivity (GSM/LTE) for telematics units.

NFC

Near Field Communication. Short-range wireless technology for close-proximity device communication.

OBD

On-Board Diagnostics. Standardized vehicle diagnostic system providing access to ECU data and trouble codes. Modern vehicles use OBD-II standard.

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer. Original vehicle or component manufacturer providing necessary protocols and credentials.

OTA

Over The Air. Wireless method for remote software and configuration updates.

PDU

Protocol Data Unit. Information packet containing both control data and payload for network transmission.

Peer-to-peer

Car sharing model where private vehicle owners rent their cars to other users through a platform provider. Platform manages bookings, access technology, insurance, and payment processing, while vehicle owners maintain their vehicles and set availability. Also known as P2P car sharing.

QNR

Unique 16-digit hexadecimal identifier for CloudBoxx devices (e.g., ‘DA00001A2D837101’). Used in combination with telematics brand for unique device identification.

REST

REpresentational State Transfer. Architectural style for web services using HTTP-based constraints and properties.

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification. Wireless technology for automatic identification and tracking, used in key fobs and access cards.

RMA

Return Merchandise Authorization. INVERS tracking number for returned hardware.

RTC

Real Time Clock. Independent timekeeping system maintaining time during power-off states.

SIM

Subscriber Identification Module. Circuit for cellular network authentication and access.

Simulated vehicles

Virtual test vehicles for API integration and development. Come in two types:

• Stationary: Execute commands and produce regular state updates (every 5 minutes) at fixed locations
• Moving: Simulate real-time trips with realistic vehicle states but cannot execute commands

Limited to 10 per fleet, these vehicles appear in FleetControl like real vehicles and support testing of commands, state monitoring, and event handling.

SmartControl app

INVERS mobile app for telematics unit setup and configuration, communicating with CloudBoxx-equipped vehicles via BLE.

Smoke detection

Sensor system for monitoring unauthorized smoking in shared vehicles. Detects tobacco and vape smoke particles through an algorithm that distinguishes between in-vehicle smoking and external air pollution. Integrates with CloudBoxx to provide real-time alerts, usage context (windows, doors, ignition status), and air quality data for automated incident management.

Station-based

Car sharing model where vehicles must be returned to designated parking stations or locations. Requires round-trip rentals where vehicles are picked up and returned to the same location or specific station network.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Core internet communication protocol defining packet transmission, routing, and reception.

Telematics unit

Hardware device combining telecommunications and informatics technologies for vehicle data collection and transmission. Integrates components like GPS receiver, cellular modem, and microprocessor to enable vehicle tracking, diagnostics, and remote control capabilities. CloudBoxx is one example of a telematics unit.

Telematics unit ID

Unique 16-digit hexadecimal identifier for telematics units. Combined with telematics brand for unique system identification.

(Access) Token

Digital security credential containing user authentication and authorization data.

Trip

Recorded vehicle movement from start to end position, including all associated event data.

UDS

Unified Diagnostic Services. ISO 14229 standardized protocol for vehicle diagnostics, ECU reprogramming, and system troubleshooting.

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Third-generation (3G) mobile system based on GSM.

UTC

Universal Time Coordinated. Primary global time standard for clock synchronization.

Vehicle commands

API calls triggering vehicle interactions like door control or status checks.

VIN

Vehicle Identification Number. Unique vehicle identifier containing encoded manufacturer and production information.

VSS

Vehicle Speed Sensor. Device measuring wheel or transmission rotational speed.